A guide to complex regional pain syndrome for the trauma and orthopaedic surgeon

Abstract

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by spontaneous regional pain usually affecting an extremity, with autonomic and inflammatory features. It is a relatively uncommon and many cases resolve within the first year, with only a small proportion progressing to chronic CRPS. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are involved, including prolonged inflammation, autonomic dysfunction and neuroplasticity. The effective management of CRPS is challenging and involves a multidisciplinary approach including physical therapy, medications, surgical options and spinal stimulation.