A grid-side multi-modal adaptive damping control of super-/sub-synchronous oscillations in type-4 wind farms connected to weak AC grid

Abstract

• A multi-modal damping control (MADC) is proposed to damp multiple oscillation modes independently. • A general design framework for damping multiple oscillation modes is given. • MADC is validated to damp sub-synchronous and super-synchronous oscillations in Type-4 wind farms. Type-4 wind farms connected to weak AC grids have the risk of sub-synchronous oscillation/interaction (SSO/SSI) with multiple oscillation modes, which can lead to unplanned outages and system destabilization. This paper first presents the magnitude and frequency characteristics of the oscillations followed by the control design requirements. Then, it gives a general design of grid-side multi-modal adaptive damping control (MADC) to stabilize multiple oscillation modes. The MADC utilizes an FFT-based inter-harmonic phasor measurement algorithm, which can detect and track multiple oscillation modes simultaneously. The MADC uses bus voltages and line currents as inputs to extract and control each oscillation mode without considering the coupling of the modes due to the frequency coupling effect. The unstable modes are stabilized by injecting phase-shifted currents with multiple frequencies such that the impedance response of the whole system around the concerned frequencies is reshaped. Notable features of the proposed damping control include automatic and independent detection, tracking and suppression of multiple oscillation modes. The proposed MADC's damping performance is validated through extensive electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations of type-4 wind farms connected to a weak ac grid causing super-/sub-synchronous oscillations. The system model and the proposed damping control are designed and tested in commercial EMT software.