A green approach in the biological base oil process

Abstract

Abstract This article presents a green approach in the biological base oil synthesis from catfish fat by-product using the hydrodynamic cavitation technique. The effects of parameters on the yield of reaction were investigated. The application of the cavitation technique has improved the process efficiency significantly. The catfish polyester oil yield reached at high value (94.6%) at the inlet pressure of 60 psi, the molar ratio of acetic anhydride/epoxy of 1.25/1, 85°C, and only 10 min, and also under these reaction conditions, magnetic stirring technique could only give the limited yield of catfish oil polyester of 12%. The results of Fourier transform infrared resonance, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR analyses and characteristic properties of materials and products have demonstrated that the chemical structure of polyester catfish oil was triglyceride chains containing saturated alkyl R chains and branched by methyl ester functional groups and the polyester catfish oil has met the quality standards of SN150 and SN500 mineral base oils. It could be said that the biological base oil process from catfish fat by-products under the assistance of cavitation techniques would develop sustainably.