A Gray-Encoded Ring Oscillator for Efficient Frequency-to-Digital Conversion in VCO-Based ADCs

Abstract

The most common implementation of a VCO-based ADC consists of a ring oscillator connected to a thermometer-encoded frequency-to-digital converter. The area of the frequency-to-digital converter depends linearly on the ring oscillator number of taps. In this brief, we show a new frequency-to-digital converter which directly provides a Gray-encoded binary output from the ring oscillator signals. This implementation reduces the digital hardware area in a logarithmic factor keeping the same metastability robustness than the thermometric frequency-to-digital converter. Direct binary coding may simplify data compression and transfer in area-constrained multi-channel instrumentation systems such as neural probes. We show the basic system level structure along with a practical example with circuit simulations in 0.13 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology.