Abstract
Current research on tunable patch antennas for wireless applications has mostly focused on the dimensional variations of patch elements, such as geometry and substrate materials, using different techniques to achieve the reconfiguration. The use of different mixing materials to ensure reconfiguration and improvement of antenna performance in microwave frequencies has not yet been studied thoroughly. In this article, we consider graphene as a patch material, due to its unique chemical, mechanical, electronic, thermal and optical features, which assist in providing a highly flexible and adaptive antenna. The proposed antenna is a square plate excited by a coaxial probe, operating at a 2.45GHz spectrum. Adding graphene to the antenna structure and tuning its chemical potential, a frequency reconfiguration from 2.36GHz to 1.26GHz is obtained. This antenna can be deployed in many communication systems. Results demonstrate the importance of this material in the development of nanoelectronics in the future.
Highlights
Reconfigurable antennas have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their ability to operate at different frequencies, standards and applications, replacing the use of multiple antennas [1]
Graphene is a flat mono-atomic layer of carbon atoms distributed along a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice which can be modeled by a surface conductivity σ [30]
The simulation results of the graphene antenna compared to a similar copper and varicap diode one are shown in Figure 4, indicating much better impedance matching
Summary
Reconfigurable antennas have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their ability to operate at different frequencies, standards and applications, replacing the use of multiple antennas [1]. Due to the design complexity of reconfigurable antennas, many researchers are studying new techniques to enhance their performance, such as gain, stability, impedance and limit their cost, losses, weight and length. One of these rising techniques is the utilization of graphene. Mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties [22], graphene is the ideal candidate to elaborate frequency reconfigurable antennas. This 2-D material is made of carbon atoms, arranged in honeycombs. The proposed graphene-based one shows that the latter can save space and cost and switch between different communication frequencies through the adjustment of the applied gate bias
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