A global perspective of entomopathogens as microbial biocontrol agents of insect pests

Abstract

The growing global population has created a significant demand for both quality and quantity of agricultural products, resulting in a significant increase in the use of agrochemicals such as chemical pesticides to counter insect pests. Consumers, on the other hand, have grown increasingly concerned in recent years about the adverse effects of chemical insecticides on human health and the environment. As a result, researchers worldwide have been compelled to conduct research into alternative crop protection solutions. Biological control through entomopathogens has gained prominence among these alternatives, and several microbial biocontrol agents, including baculoviruses, Bacillus , Beauveria , Steinernema , and Heterorhabditis species, have been tested. Microbial biopesticide products are currently being used to combat specific insects that harm crops. The modes of action of entomopathogens, their advantages and constraints are discussed. An overview of processes for their development are highlighted with examples, as well as the issues that impede their development. Finally, special attention was paid to the gaps identified in this sector and the factors limiting their application particularly with respect to market potential. The future potential of entomopathogens may be affected by changing agricultural systems. • Entomopathogens have great potential in controlling insect pest populations in agroecosystems. • Commercial application of a microbial biopesticide necessitates large-scale mass production, formulation with appropriate additives to increase the product's shelf-life, and storage. • Stringent regulatory framework due to biosafety or environmental concerns raises overall costs and delays microbial biopesticide commercialization. • Additional regulatory challenges will be required for the new microbial biopesticide products in order to define low-risk contenders for easy commercialization and free market entry.