Abstract
Abstract. In this review we compile and document the elevation, indicative meaning, and chronology of marine isotope substage 5a and 5c sea level indicators for 39 sites within three geographic regions: the North American Pacific coast, the North American Atlantic coast and the Caribbean, and the remaining globe. These relative sea level indicators, comprised of geomorphic indicators such as marine and coral reef terraces, eolianites, and sedimentary marine- and terrestrial-limiting facies, facilitate future investigation into marine isotope substage 5a and 5c interstadial paleo-sea level reconstruction, glacial isostatic adjustment, and Quaternary tectonic deformation. The open-access database, presented in the format of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5021306 (Thompson and Creveling, 2021).
Highlights
Two orbitally modulated peaks in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, occurring ∼ 100 and ∼ 80 ka, brought warmer temperatures and reduced ice volumes that briefly interrupted earth’s transition from the last interglacial into the last glacial maximum (Hays et al, 1976; Chappell and Shackleton, 1986; Lambeck and Chappell, 2001; Cutler et al, 2003)
We adopt the standardized framework provided by the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database (WALIS, https://warmcoasts. eu/world-atlas.html, last access: 23 June 2021) to compile the English-language publications of globally outcropping relative sea level (RSL) indicators ascribed by the primary authors as marine isotope stages (MISs) 5a and 5c in age
Marine terraces comprise the entirety of MIS 5a and 5c relative sea level indicators cropping out along the North American Pacific coast
Summary
Two orbitally modulated peaks in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, occurring ∼ 100 and ∼ 80 ka, brought warmer temperatures and reduced ice volumes that briefly interrupted earth’s transition from the last interglacial into the last glacial maximum (Hays et al, 1976; Chappell and Shackleton, 1986; Lambeck and Chappell, 2001; Cutler et al, 2003). After correction for tectonic uplift, discrepancies in the local elevation of globally distributed MIS 5a and 5c indicators of peak sea level retain a meaningful signal of glacial isostatic adjustment (Potter and Lambeck, 2004), which, in turn, allows for the reconstruction of peak global mean sea level and assessments of the sensitivity of Quaternary ice sheets to the influence of Milankovitch forcing on climate over sub-100 kyr timescales (Lambeck and Chappell, 2001; Potter and Lambeck, 2004; Potter et al, 2004; Muhs et al, 2012; Simms et al, 2016; Creveling et al, 2017) We emphasize that this database reports measurements of uncorrected, present-day elevation of various relative sea level indicators that will enable the user to apply corrections based on the most current data- and model-based predictions. A global database of marine isotope substage 5a and 5c relative sea level indicators
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