Abstract
We present an automatic and unsupervised tool for the systematic generation of Sentinel-1 (S1) differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) coseismic products. In particular, the tool first retrieves the location, depth, and magnitude of every seismic event from interoperable online earthquake catalogs (e.g., the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and then, for significant (with respect to a set of selected thresholds) earthquakes, it automatically triggers the downloading of S1 data and their interferometric processing over the area affected by the earthquake. The automatic system we developed has also been implemented within a Cloud-Computing (CC) environment, specifically the Amazon Web Services, with the aim of creating a global database of DInSAR S1 coseismic products, which consist of displacement maps and the associated wrapped interferograms and spatial coherences. This information will progressively be made freely available through the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure, thus providing the scientific community with a large catalog of DInSAR data that can be helpful for investigating the dynamics of surface deformation in the seismic zones around the Earth. The developed tool can also support national and local authorities during seismic crises by quickly providing information on the surface deformation induced by earthquakes.
Highlights
During the past 30 years, differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) has been proven to be an effective technique for studying the deformation processes related to both natural and man-made hazards
Since the 1992 Landers (California) earthquake, which was the first one detected by interferometric radar images acquired on repeat passes of the ERS-1 satellite [4], the DInSAR technique has been a viable means of studying earthquakes with observations that are independent of seismology
We presented an automatic and unsupervised tool for the systematic generation of S1 DInSAR coseismic products, represented by displacement maps, interferograms, and spatial coherence
Summary
During the past 30 years, differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) has been proven to be an effective technique for studying the deformation processes related to both natural and man-made hazards. Being an active microwave Earth Observation (EO) technique, space-borne DInSAR represents a very powerful tool for the estimation of ground deformation, thanks to its characteristics of a large spatial coverage, cost effectiveness, and all-weather operability. In this scenario, since the 1992 Landers (California) earthquake, which was the first one detected by interferometric radar images acquired on repeat passes of the ERS-1 satellite [4], the DInSAR technique has been a viable means of studying earthquakes with observations that are independent of seismology. We refer in particular to the European Space Agency (ESA) ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT missions, operating at the C-band (a carrier frequency of about 5 GHz), that worked from 1991 to 2011; the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) RADARSAT-1/2, operating at the C-band since 1995; the Italian COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and the German TerraSAR-X (TSX) X-band (carrier frequency of about 10 GHz) SAR constellations, both of which were launched in 2007; the Japanese Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS-1/2) L-band (carrier frequency of about 1 GHz) systems launched in 2006 and 2014, respectively
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