Abstract
Abstract. Global anthropogenic emission inventories remain vital for understanding the sources of atmospheric pollution and the associated impacts on the environment, human health, and society. Rapid changes in today's society require that these inventories provide contemporary estimates of multiple atmospheric pollutants with both source sector and fuel type information to understand and effectively mitigate future impacts. To fill this need, we have updated the open-source Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) (Hoesly et al., 2019) to develop a new global emission inventory, CEDSGBD-MAPS. This inventory includes emissions of seven key atmospheric pollutants (NOx; CO; SO2; NH3; non-methane volatile organic compounds, NMVOCs; black carbon, BC; organic carbon, OC) over the time period from 1970–2017 and reports annual country-total emissions as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors (agriculture; energy generation; industrial processes; on-road and non-road transportation; separate residential, commercial, and other sectors (RCO); waste; solvent use; and international shipping) and four fuel categories (total coal, solid biofuel, the sum of liquid-fuel and natural-gas combustion, and remaining process-level emissions). The CEDSGBD-MAPS inventory additionally includes monthly global gridded (0.5∘ × 0.5∘) emission fluxes for each compound, sector, and fuel type to facilitate their use in earth system models. CEDSGBD-MAPS utilizes updated activity data, updates to the core CEDS default scaling procedure, and modifications to the final procedures for emissions gridding and aggregation. Relative to the previous CEDS inventory (Hoesly et al., 2018), these updates extend the emission estimates from 2014 to 2017 and improve the overall agreement between CEDS and two widely used global bottom-up emission inventories. The CEDSGBD-MAPS inventory provides the most contemporary global emission estimates to date for these key atmospheric pollutants and is the first to provide global estimates for these species as a function of multiple fuel types and source sectors. Dominant sources of global NOx and SO2 emissions in 2017 include the combustion of oil, gas, and coal in the energy and industry sectors as well as on-road transportation and international shipping for NOx. Dominant sources of global CO emissions in 2017 include on-road transportation and residential biofuel combustion. Dominant global sources of carbonaceous aerosol in 2017 include residential biofuel combustion, on-road transportation (BC only), and emissions from the waste sector. Global emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, BC, and OC all peak in 2012 or earlier, with more recent emission reductions driven by large changes in emissions from China, North America, and Europe. In contrast, global emissions of NH3 and NMVOCs continuously increase between 1970 and 2017, with agriculture as a major source of global NH3 emissions and solvent use, energy, residential, and the on-road transport sectors as major sources of global NMVOCs. Due to similar development methods and underlying datasets, the CEDSGBD-MAPS emissions are expected to have consistent sources of uncertainty as other bottom-up inventories. The CEDSGBD-MAPS source code is publicly available online through GitHub: https://github.com/emcduffie/CEDS/tree/CEDS_GBD-MAPS (last access: 1 December 2020). The CEDSGBD-MAPS emission inventory dataset (both annual country-total and monthly global gridded files) is publicly available under https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3754964 (McDuffie et al., 2020c).
Highlights
Human activities emit a complex mixture of chemical compounds into the atmosphere, impacting air quality, the environment, and population health
We described the new CEDSGBD-MAPS global emission inventory for key atmospheric reactive gases and carbonaceous aerosol from 11 anthropogenic emission sectors and four fuel types over the time period from 1970–2017
The CEDSGBD-MAPS inventory was derived from an updated version of the Community Emissions Data System, which incorporates updated activity data for combustion- and process-level emission sources, updated scaling inventories, the added scaling of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) emissions, and adjustments to the aggregation and gridding procedures to enable the extension of emission estimates to 2017 while retaining sectoral and fuel type information
Summary
Human activities emit a complex mixture of chemical compounds into the atmosphere, impacting air quality, the environment, and population health. NH3 deposition and nitrification can cause nutrient imbalances and eutrophication in terrestrial and marine ecosystems (e.g., Behera et al, 2013; Stevens et al, 2004) While these reactive gases and aerosol have both anthropogenic and natural sources, dominant global sources of NOx (= NO + NO2), SO2, CO, and VOCs include fuel transformation and use in the energy sector, industrial activities, and on-road and off-road transportation (Hoesly et al, 2018). Global NH3 emissions are predominantly from agricultural activities such as animal husbandry and fertilizer application (e.g., Behera et al, 2013), and OC and BC have large contributions from incomplete or uncontrolled combustion in residential and commercial settings (e.g., Bond et al, 2013) Emissions of these compounds and the distribution of their chemical products vary spatially and temporally, with atmospheric lifetimes that allow for their transport across political boundaries, continuously driving changes in the composition of the global atmosphere
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