Abstract
Here we present a new method for automatic and objective monitoring of ingestive behaviors in comparison with other facial activities through load cells embedded in a pair of glasses, named GlasSense. Typically, activated by subtle contraction and relaxation of a temporalis muscle, there is a cyclic movement of the temporomandibular joint during mastication. However, such muscular signals are, in general, too weak to sense without amplification or an electromyographic analysis. To detect these oscillatory facial signals without any use of obtrusive device, we incorporated a load cell into each hinge which was used as a lever mechanism on both sides of the glasses. Thus, the signal measured at the load cells can detect the force amplified mechanically by the hinge. We demonstrated a proof-of-concept validation of the amplification by differentiating the force signals between the hinge and the temple. A pattern recognition was applied to extract statistical features and classify featured behavioral patterns, such as natural head movement, chewing, talking, and wink. The overall results showed that the average F1 score of the classification was about 94.0% and the accuracy above 89%. We believe this approach will be helpful for designing a non-intrusive and un-obtrusive eyewear-based ingestive behavior monitoring system.
Highlights
We present a new method for automatic and objective monitoring of ingestive behaviors in comparison with other facial activities through load cells embedded in a pair of glasses, named GlasSense
There have been different approaches in the Monitoring of ingestive behavior (MIB) such as acoustical approaches based on chewing or swallowing sounds[9,10], morphological approaches sensing deformation of the epidermis[11,12], behavioral approaches using a proximity sensor or an inertial measurement unit (IMU)[13,14], and electrometric approaches analyzing facial muscle activity[15,16]. These approaches, share common limitations in that they are obtrusive to the eye and intrusive to use in daily life; we introduce a non-intrusive and un-obtrusive method of direct and objective monitoring of ingestive behavior employing the use of wearable devices
This study was motivated by two ideas: (i) measurement of temporalis muscle activity due to its role as a masticatory muscle during ingestive behavior; and (ii) the natural lever mechanism of a pair of glasses, which pass through the temporalis epidermis when equipped
Summary
We present a new method for automatic and objective monitoring of ingestive behaviors in comparison with other facial activities through load cells embedded in a pair of glasses, named GlasSense. We can monitor the temporalis muscle activity by measuring the force exerted onto the temple areas of the glasses This force signal, has several weaknesses; (a) it is too weak to be detected directly from the contact area, (b) it is distributed over the contact area, (c) both location and form factors of the contact area differ from individual to individual, and (d) direct contact with the epidermis exposes the sensor to possible damage from perspiration and rubbing.
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