Abstract
The letter presents a Ginzburg-Landau model of fluctuations in superconductors in the zero-dimensional (0D) limit. The central descriptive tool is a complex order parameter interpreted as a self-consistent field describing the centre-of-mass motion of electrons pairs and highlighting a resistance between Cooper pairs. We describe the temperature and size dependences of superconductivity in single, isolated 0D superconductors taking into account an intrinsic energy parameter related to confined geometries. It is shown that all the superconducting effects arise only from the existence of fluctuation-induced superconductivity. The results obtained show that the electronic structure of 0D superconductors goes through several phases with qualitatively different properties. The dimensional dependence of thermodynamic quantities is particularly highlighted and thermodynamic properties of 0D fields are discussed and compared in relation to those of bulk fields. Individual grains of Al127 and Pb207 as well as granular superconductors are provided in support of the analysis.
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