Abstract
Sarcoidosis of the humerus is exceptionally rare and only a few cases have been reported. In this mini-review, a case of enchondroma in proximal humerus mimicking sarcoidosis and the features of bone involvement of sarcoidosis were reviewed. A 41-year-old female who was diagnosed with sarcoidosis in 2009 had used corticosteroids for 4 months. She had not any symptoms until 2014. She was admitted the clinic with a 2-month-history of erythema nodosum on her legs and right shoulder pain. Values of laboratory tests were all within normal limits except erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels. The mass in the proximal metaphyseal humerus has the characteristic as a medullary lesion which had calcifications in CT sections. MR images that the mass had low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. It had irregular nodular contrast and the mass did not cause the expansion of the bone. Increased activity was observed on scintigraphy. We suspected the mass which was realized incidentally in a patient with sarcoidosis, could be bone sarcoidosis. As a result of our biopsy, it was enchondroma. Bone neoplasms should be kept in mind in issues like our case report.
Highlights
Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune multisystemic inflammatory and granulomatous disease and. its etiology is still unclear [1]
Hypergammaglobulinemia is usually accompanied and anti-nuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor are detected in significant number of patients [2]
Sarcoidosis generally affects young and middle-aged patients, and women have a higher prevalence than men
Summary
Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune multisystemic inflammatory and granulomatous disease and. its etiology is still unclear [1]. Lungs (is diseased in over 90% of patients), mediastinal lymph nodes, skin, and eyes are the mainly affected organs [3]. It may affect bones, joints, parotid glands, liver, and kidneys. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in chest X-ray increased numbers of total cells and lymphocytes and an elevated CD4/8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), (-) tuberculin test, and an elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level are typical as laboratory findings.
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