A Geographical Appraisal of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Jharkhand and their Susceptibility to Environmental Hazards

Abstract

Since time immemorial, tribes and nature have evolved in symbiosis. Any disturbance in nature affects these communities immensely. Environmental risks have become increasingly common over the world, causing tremendous concern for society due to its high level of susceptibility. India, due to its unique climatic and socio-economic conditions, is vulnerable, to various disasters. Though, environmental hazards affect all, its impact is more severe on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Measuring sensitivity to environmental threats is a huge challenge for disaster relief efforts worldwide. It is vital to measure the level of vulnerability in order to apply vulnerability reduction and mitigation actions effectively. The aim of the study is to analyze spatial distribution of PVTGs and their susceptibility to environmental hazards of Jharkhand. The study’s main finding revealed that two-third concentration of PVTGs are residing in the north-eastern part of the state. The largest concentration was found in Santhal Pargana and north-eastern part of the Jharkhand. Among all the tribes, Mal Pahariya constituted the largest group of vulnerable tribes followed by Sauria Paharia and Korwa. Birhor community was observed to be scattered in the region. Pakur district was known to have highest PVTG community. A district wise environmental susceptibility revealed that lightning, earthquakes, exposure to heat/stroke and cold had intimidated these tribes due to least socio-economic development. Lack of district wise data have inculcated the inconsistencies in the result. To mitigate the vulnerabilities of PVTGs, disaster risk reduction strategies must be tailored to their specific needs. The development of indigenous knowledge along with techno how can prove worth for community specific resilience towards environmental hazards.