A genomic perspective timely needed for re-evaluating the species delimitations, evolutionary trajectories, and conservation strategies of the Galapagos giant tortoises

Abstract

Conservation policy in the giant Galápagos tortoise, an iconic endangered animal, has been assisted by genetic markers for ~15 years: a dozen loci have been used to delineate thirteen (sub)species, between which hybridization is prevented. Here, comparative reanalysis of a previously published NGS data set reveals a conflict with traditional markers. Genetic diversity and population substructure in the giant Galápagos tortoise are found to be particularly low, questioning the genetic relevance of current conservation practices. Further examination of giant Galápagos tortoise population genomics is critically needed.