A genome-wide association study for allergen component sensitizations identifies allergen component-specific and allergen protein group-specific associations.

Abstract

Allergic diseases are some of the most common diseases worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted to elucidate the genetic factors of allergic diseases. However, no GWASs for allergen component sensitization have been performed. We sought to detect genetic variants associated with differences in immune responsiveness against allergen components. The participants of the present study were recruited from the Tokyo Children's Health, Illness, and Development study, and allergen component-specific IgE level at age 9 years was measured by means of allergen microarray immunoassays. We performed GWASs for allergen component sensitization against each allergen (single allergen component sensitization, number of allergen components analyzed, n= 31), as well as against allergen protein families (allergen protein group sensitization, number of protein groups analyzed, n= 16). We performed GWAS on 564 participants of the Tokyo Children's Health, Illness, and Development study and found associations between Amb a 1 sensitization and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene on chromosome 14 and between Phl p 1 sensitization and the HLA class II region on chromosome 6 (P< 5.0×10-8). AGWAS-significant association was also observed between the HLA class II region and profilin sensitization (P< 5.0×10-8). Our data provide the first demonstration of genetic risk for allergen component sensitization and show that this genetic risk is related to immune response genes including immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene and HLA.