Abstract
Both necessary and sufficient conditions are derived in a systematic, rigorous way for a diffusion process to satisfy two fundamental principles: the principle of frame-indifference and the second law of thermodynamics. This yields a general theory of diffusion which generalizes the classical flux laws (Newton’s law of viscosity for momentum, Fourier’s law of heat conduction for heat, and Fick’s first law of diffusion for mass) in the sense that it can be used in a diffusion process with the effect of convection. Also developed is an approximate theory which reduces three flux functions in the general theory to three material-coefficients.
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