A general fractional formulation and tracking control for immunogenic tumor dynamics

Abstract

Mathematical modeling of biological systems is an important issue having significant effect on human beings. In this direction, the description of immune systems is an attractive topic as a result of its ability to detect and eradicate abnormal cells. Therefore, this manuscript aims to investigate the asymptotic behavior of immunogenic tumor dynamics based on a new fractional model constructed by the concept of general fractional operators. We discuss the stability and equilibrium points corresponding to the new model; then we modify the predictor–corrector method in general sense to implement the model and compare the associated numerical results with some real experimental data. As an achievement, the new model provides a degree of flexibility enabling us to adjust the complex dynamics of biological system under study. Consequently, the new general model and its solution method presented in this paper for the immunogenic tumor dynamics are new and comprise quite different information than the other kinds of classical and fractional equations. In addition to these, we implement a tracking control method in order to decrease the development of tumor‐cell population. The satisfaction of control purpose is confirmed by some simulation results since the controlled variables track the tumor‐free steady state in the whole realistic cases.