A general failure criterion for soil considering three-dimensional anisotropy

Abstract

Abstract This paper proposes a generalized three-dimensional (3D) failure criterion for cross-anisotropic soils based on the spatially mobilized plane (SMP) criterion. In the proposed criterion, the anisotropic property of soil is considered by introducing a novel modification stress tensor, in which the angle between the principal stress and the soil depositional direction serves as a basic variable. Taking advantage of the SMP criterion, the proposed anisotropic criterion is subtly extended into a 3D version. The proposed criterion only involves two friction angles, φ v and φ h , which are determined by triaxial compression test along and perpendicular to the depositional direction, respectively. To account for the effects of the depositional direction, two special modification stress tensors regarding different depositional conditions (vertical and inclined) are discussed in this study. Comparisons between the predictions from the proposed strength criterion and the observations of the true triaxial tests on four cross-anisotropic soil samples show that the proposed generalized failure criterion can well capture both the cross-anisotropic behaviors and the 3D strength of cross-anisotropic soils.