Abstract
A general and simple equation of state (EOS) is a rich source for research and discussion. Experience shows that high-density matter exhibits simple regularities and some “universal” EOSs have been established. Here, we present an ideal dense matter EOS that is symmetric to the ideal gas EOS by means of Oettingen's dual approach. The ideal dense matter EOS makes no assumptions about the structure of matter and is, therefore, general. Thermodynamic symmetry requires that the ideal dense matter EOS has better agreements with matter at higher densities, which is supported by some empirical equations and actual property data of various substances. Two derivative variables that have historically been overlooked, i.e., the specific work at constant entropy and the specific work at constant temperature, are rejuvenated in the ideal dense matter EOS. Additionally, we find another physical constant related to thermodynamic property of matter symmetric to the ideal gas constant and further give its estimated values for several common substances. Thermodynamic symmetry suggests that the ideal dense matter EOS has the same theoretical location as the ideal gas EOS. It is another basis for the EOS theory and enriches the dual framework of thermodynamics.
Highlights
Macdonald1 stated in his review in 1969 that it is extremely unlikely that there exists a usefully simple equation of state (EOS) for all dense matter
Thermodynamic symmetry requires that the ideal dense matter EOS has better agreements with matter at higher densities, which is supported by some empirical equations and actual property data of various substances
Thermodynamic symmetry suggests that the ideal dense matter EOS has the same theoretical location as the ideal gas EOS
Summary
Macdonald stated in his review in 1969 that it is extremely unlikely that there exists a usefully simple equation of state (EOS) for all dense matter. One of the most common approaches to develop an EOS has been to construct a formula based on molecular structures and interactions and to fit the coefficients therein with experiments. In 1888, a simple empirical EOS, the Tait equation, was proposed to describe various high-pressure liquids.. We propose a new simple EOS for high-density matter by employing a fully macroscopic thermodynamic approach. It is completely independent of any assumption on the internal structure of matter. Scitation.org/journal/jap more accurate the description of the EOS This distinctive feature indicates its great ability to predict the thermodynamic behavior at extremely high pressures or extremely high densities
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