Abstract
Bovine colostrum is well known for its beneficial properties on health and development. It contains a wide variety of bioactive ingredients that are known to promote a number of cellular processes. Therefore the use of colostrum whey as a feed additive to promote intestinal health has been proposed, yet little is known about mechanisms implicated in its beneficial properties on intestinal epithelial cells. In the present paper, casein were removed from bovine colostrum and the remaining liquid, rich in bioactive compounds, was evaluated for its capacity to modulate cellular processes in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2/15. First, we verified the effect of colostrum whey and cheese whey on processes involved in intestinal wound healing, including cell proliferation, attachment, morphology and migration. Our results showed that colostrum whey promoted proliferation and migration, and decreased specifically the attachment of Caco-2/15 cells on the culture dish. On the other hand, cheese whey induced proliferation and morphological changes in IPEC-J2 cells, but failed to induce migration. The gene expression profile of IPEC-J2 cells following colostrum whey treatment was evaluated by microarray analysis. Results revealed that the expression of a significant number of genes involved in cell migration, adhesion and proliferation was indeed affected in colostrum whey-treated cells. In conclusion, colostrum specific bioactive content could be beneficial for intestinal epithelial cell homoeostasis by controlling biological processes implicated in wound healing through a precise gene expression programme.
Highlights
Bovine colostrum is well known for its beneficial properties on health and development
The impact of colostrum whey on biological processes involved in wound healing were evaluated in intestinal epithelial cells and compared with effects mediated by cheese whey
First 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium5-carboxanilide assay was performed in both porcine IPEC-J2 and human Caco-2/15 cells in order to determine the effect of wheys on cell proliferation, and different concentrations were tested to identify the dose to use in further experiments
Summary
Bovine colostrum is well known for its beneficial properties on health and development. Wound healing is initiated by epithelial restitution, during which cells surrounding the wound lose their polarity, undergo complex alterations of their adhesion properties, change their morphology and migrate toward the denuded area to cover the defect[3,4,5] This is followed by cell proliferation, which is triggered to fill the wound with new enterocytes. There is a wide variety of factors that can affect intestinal restitution and proliferation, including growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), cytokines, regulatory peptides and SCFA[3,6] Many of these molecules have been studied and characterised extensively and their effect on intestinal epithelial cells have been described, little is known about the outcomes of their combination and the importance of their dosage. Since most of bioactive components present in colostrum and milk are found in the whey fraction following casein removal[12,13], the use of colostrum whey to promote intestinal health of human subjects and animals has been proposed, but better understanding of mechanisms involved in its beneficial properties on intestinal epithelial cells is required
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