Abstract
Energy management systems are essential and indispensable for the secure and optimal operation of autonomous polygeneration microgrids which include distributed energy technologies and multiple electrical loads. In this paper, a multi-agent decentralized energy management system was designed. In particular, the devices of the microgrid under study were controlled as interactive agents. The energy management problem was formulated here through the application of game theory, in order to model the set of strategies between two players/agents, as a non-cooperative power control game or a cooperative one, according to the level of the energy produced by the renewable energy sources and the energy stored in the battery bank, for the purpose of accomplishing optimal energy management and control of the microgrid operation. The Nash equilibrium was used to compromise the possible diverging goals of the agents by maximizing their preferences. The proposed energy management system was then compared with a multi-agent decentralized energy management system where all the agents were assumed to be cooperative and employed agent coordination through Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. The results obtained from this comparison, demonstrate that the application of game theory based control, in autonomous polygeneration microgrids, can ensure operational and financial benefits over known energy management approaches incorporating distributed intelligence.
Highlights
The increase of human population, urbanization and modernization have led to one of most notable issues of the worldwide agenda, which is the outstanding growth of global energy demand.According to the International Energy Outlook 2016, the total energy consumption until 2040 will increase by 48%, which reflects an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels
The comparison between the two systems carried out for a same Autonomous polygeneration microgrids (APMs) topology and the results of the comparison have shown that the energy management system proposed in the present paper offers lower power losses and lower cost for a 20 year investment period, proving the financial and operational benefits of the game theoretic approach to the multi-agent systems (MAS)-DEMS design in autonomous polygeneration microgrids
The study took place for an APM installed at a small island in the Cyclades complex in the Aegean Sea of Greece and typical meteorological data of the area have been used for the simulations
Summary
The increase of human population, urbanization and modernization have led to one of most notable issues of the worldwide agenda, which is the outstanding growth of global energy demand.According to the International Energy Outlook 2016, the total energy consumption until 2040 will increase by 48%, which reflects an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels. Taking into consideration that nowadays more than 1 billion of people do not have access to electricity as well as the continuous increase of the use of fossil fuels that has a significant environmental impact, renewable energy generation is an alternative, sustainable and economically viable solution [1]. Most of these people live in island and coastal regions and apart from electricity they face a variety of problems regarding access to potable water and fuel for transportation. During the past two decades, several desalination units powered by renewable energy sources (RES) have been implemented [4]
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