Abstract
Cyber-physical systems’ security and safety assurance is a challenging research problem for Smart City concept development. Technical faults or malicious attacks over communication between its elements can jeopardize the whole system and its users. Reputation systems implementation is an effective measure to detect such malicious agents. Each agent in the group has its indicator, which reflects how trustworthy it is to the other agents. However, in the scenario when it is not possible to calculate the Reputation indicator based on objective characteristics, malicious or defective agents can negatively affect the system’s performance. In this paper, we propose an approach based on Game Theory to address the Reputation and Trust initial values calculation challenge. We introduced a mixed strategies game concept and a probability indicator. The possible outcomes of using different strategies by the system agents are represented with a payoff matrix. To evaluate the approach effectiveness, an empirical study using a software simulation environment was conducted. As a Cyber-physical system implementation scenario, we considered an intersection management system with a group of unmanned autonomous vehicles, the aim of which is to perform conflict-free optimal intersection traversal. To simulate the attack scenario, some vehicles were able to transmit incorrect data to other traffic participants. The obtained results showed that the Game Theory approach allowed us to increase the number of detected intruders compared to the conventional Reputation and Trust model.
Highlights
The endeavor to optimize various routine processes and make our life more convenient have led to the emergence of such concepts as Smart Home, Smart City and Smart Manufacturing [1, 2]
To address the initial Reputation value calculation challenge, in [8] we provided the mechanism based on Game Theory fundamentals, which allowed us to calculate this value relying on objective indicators
We proposed the enhanced Reputation, Trust, and Game Theory-based model to improve cyberphysical system elements’ security and safety
Summary
Communication and automation technologies over the past few decades has had a tremendous impact on various areas of human life. The endeavor to optimize various routine processes and make our life more convenient have led to the emergence of such concepts as Smart Home, Smart City and Smart Manufacturing [1, 2] These approaches are based on the communication (most often, wireless) between the informational and physical components, the combination of which became known as Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) [3]. There are socalled “soft” types of attacks that cannot be identified by conventional security mechanisms These attacks can be aimed at unauthorized changes in the contextual integrity of data transmitted between group members. Earlier in our study [7], we proposed and physically implemented the Reputation and Trust-based approach for AVs security and safety assurance in the intersection management system. A solution to the problem of transmitting false data by agents and its impact on the work and security of the entire group was proposed. An approach to the effectiveness evaluation of the proposed model, a modeling scheme and metrics, and a discussion of the obtained result interpretation are considered
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