A Game Theoretical Pricing Mechanism for Multi-Microgrid Energy Trading Considering Electric Vehicles Uncertainty

Abstract

The electricity price mechanism based on game theory is one of the research focuses on microgrids energy trading. The complete information game is based on the certainty of the identity of roles of players and variables. However, there are many uncertain factors that cause the game in the state of incomplete information. In this paper, Microgrids Energy Trading Bayesian Game (METBG) model is proposed. The model was based on the Bayesian game, in which MGs make their decision as an agent of native users to tackle bidirectional energy trading between others. First, The Bayesian game modeled types of roles of players by the uncertainty of information including the stochastic characteristics of PEVs which result in hardness that the game participants determine whether they are sellers or buyers in the utility function that depends on the state of power surplus or lack. Moreover, the utility model of players was established by a Bayesian game with the game equilibrium derived rigorously by obligated to coordinate the sharing of energy with maximization of the players' profit. Finally, the solution of game equilibrium has been rigorously derived, and the effectiveness of the model is verified in terms of seller profit, the utilities of buyers, and the net energy usage in the microgrids. The results of the static pricing model and proposed model were compared to demonstrate the effectiveness.