Abstract
BackgroundMiniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) is one type of transposable element (TE), which is largely found in eukaryotic genomes and involved in a wide variety of biological events. However, only few MITEs were proved to be currently active and their physiological function remains largely unknown.ResultsWe found that the amplicon discrepancy of a gene locus LOC_Os01g0420 in different rice cultivar genomes was resulted from the existence of a member of Gaijin-like MITEs (mGing). This result indicated that mGing transposition was occurred at this gene locus. By using a modified transposon display (TD) analysis, the active transpositions of mGing were detected in rice Jiahua No. 1 genome under three conditions: in seedlings germinated from the seeds received a high dose γ-ray irradiation, in plantlets regenerated from anther-derived calli and from scutellum-derived calli, and were confirmed by PCR validation and sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or short additional DNA sequences at transposition sites post mGing transposition. It suggested that sequence modification was possibly taken place during mGing transposition. Furthermore, cell re-differentiation experiment showed that active transpositions of both mGing and mPing (another well studied MITE) were identified only in regenerated plantlets.ConclusionsIt is for the first time that mGing active transposition was demonstrated under γ-ray irradiation or in cell re-differentiation process in rice. This newly identified active MITE will provide a foundation for further analysis of the roles of MITEs in biological process.
Highlights
Miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) is one type of transposable element (TE), which is largely found in eukaryotic genomes and involved in a wide variety of biological events
Most of the MITEs are classified into two groups: Tourist-like MITEs and Stowaway-like MITEs based on shared Terminal inverted repeats (TIR) and Target site duplications (TSD) sequences [11]
These results revealed that miniature Ging (mGing) are currently active and further investigation of mGing transposition would provide a foundation for an in-depth analysis of the roles of MITEs in biological processes and evolution in rice
Summary
Miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) is one type of transposable element (TE), which is largely found in eukaryotic genomes and involved in a wide variety of biological events. Amongst all the different types of TEs, miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) have been exploited as an effective and informative genetic autonomous transposons and be able to mobilize by the use of transposases encoded from the corresponding autonomous transposons [5,7]. The Tourist-like rice element mPing was identified as the first actively transposing MITE. The association of MITEs and autonomous elements in both Tourist-like and Stowaway-like elements, high copy number, and the great variety of MITEs in the genomes are the indications that the number of active MITEs may not be as few as previously anticipated
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