Abstract
The work is devoted to the problem of interpretation of fuzzy semantics of cognitive descriptions of spatial relations in natural language and their visualization in a geographic information system (GIS). The solution to the problem of determining the fuzzy spatial location of an object based on vague descriptions of the observer in natural language is considered. The task is relevant in critical situations when there is no way to report the exact coordinates of the observed object, except by describing its location relative to the observer itself. Such a situation may be the result of a crime, terrorist act or natural disaster. An observer who finds itself at the scene transmits a text message, which is a description of the location of the object or place (for example, the crime scene, the location of dangerous objects, the crash site). The semantics of the spatial location of the object can be further extracted from the text message. The proposed fuzzy approach is based on the formalization of the observer's phrases, with which it can describe spatial relations, in the form of a set of linguistic variables that determine the direction and distance to the object. Examples of membership functions for linguistic variables are given. The spatial knowledge base is built on the basis of the phrases of observers and their corresponding fuzzy regions. Algorithms for constructing cognitive regions in GIS have been developed. Methods of their superposition to obtain the final fuzzy location of the object are proposed. An example of the implementation of a fuzzy model for identifying cognitive regions based on vague descriptions of several observers, performed using developed Python scripts integrated into ArcGIS 10.5, is considered.
Highlights
Geographic information systems (GIS) are widely used in various spheres of human activity
Models and methods of multicriteria decision-making integrated into GIS are often based on the processing of subjective and fuzzy information [6, 7]
An approach to solving the problem of fuzzy determination of the spatial position of an object in GIS based on a vague description of observers in natural language is proposed
Summary
Geographic information systems (GIS) are widely used in various spheres of human activity. The increase in the volume of text messages exchanged by Internet users on social networks and instant messengers is facilitating the collection of big data to extract the semantics of spatial location The implementation of this process is possible through the use of a natural language processor and artificial intelligence methods [12, 13]. In this regard, the problem of determining the location of a spatial object in a GIS based on the verbal description of observers is of interest. Ularly important in this regard are studies that focus on the applied aspects of this problem, allowing the development of software tools for cognitive spatial modeling
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