Abstract
The southeast coast military operation starting from 1954 took place amid keen antagonism between China and the United States because of the Korean War and America's increasing entanglement in the Taiwan question. The People's Liberation Army's (PLA) military actions towards the Chiang-controlled offshore islands had an obvious defensive cast from their conception to their later unfolding in practice. The 1958 Shelling of Jinmen (Quemoy) was part of a plan drawn up by the PLA to seize the islands occupied by Chiang Kai-shek's forces off Mainland China's southeast coastline and a continuance of a military operation that had been evolving since the spring of 1954. This occurred against the backdrop of special domestic and international settings at the time, which were endowed by Mao Zedong with special political significance at some stage. The cautious, defensive nature embodied in both the strategic and operational planning was the key factor leading to the complexity of decision-making motivation and process.
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