Abstract
Dissections of the hip and thigh musculature were carried out on 11 pongid specimens representing five genera ( Hylobates, Symphalangus, Pongo, Pan and Gorilla). The functional anatomy of the hip and thigh was analyzed, and skeleto-muscular relationships were determined. Muscular function was viewed in terms of its role in locomotion. It was found that Pongo least well fits the anatomical pattern that occurs in the other four pongid genera. One possible explanation for this dissimilarity was suggested, and involves the orang-utan's specialized adaptation to an arboreal habitat. The anatomical data were also viewed in terms of their implications regarding the question of the evolution of erect bipedalism in hominids.
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