A fully mechanical linear transducer model with application to generalizing the nonlinear Hunt electrostatic transducer for harmonic and transient suppression

Abstract

The Hunt electrostatic transducer model [F. V. Hunt, Electroacoustics (Wiley, New York, 1954), pp. 176–177] is generalized for radiation loading by analogy with a fully mechanical transducer model which is developed here. The fully mechanical transducer model is developed by analogy with a simple equivalent circuit. The radiation loading considered exactly models the radiation impedance of a spherical transducer immersed in fluid. A method for driving the generalized Hunt model at high voltage in such a way that no harmonics or transients appear in the radiated waveform is described. The results presented may be useful in developing models for transducers containing lead magnesium niobate (PMN) or lead magnesium niobate‐lead titanate (PMNPT) active elements, and for developing methods for driving such transducers at high amplitude in a harmonic‐ and transient‐suppressed manner.