Abstract
A single-chip sensor system-on-a-chip (SoC) that implements radio for 2.4 GHz, complete digital baseband physical layer (PHY), 10-bit sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter and dedicated sensor calibration hardware for industrial sensing systems has been proposed and integrated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The transceiver's building block includes a low-noise amplifier, mixer, channel filter, receiver signal-strength indicator, frequency synthesizer, voltage-controlled oscillator, and power amplifier. In addition, the digital building block consists of offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) modulation, demodulation, carrier frequency offset compensation, auto-gain control, digital MAC function, sensor calibration hardware and embedded 8-bit microcontroller. The digital MAC function supports cyclic redundancy check (CRC), inter-symbol timing check, MAC frame control, and automatic retransmission. The embedded sensor signal processing block consists of calibration coefficient calculator, sensing data calibration mapper and sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter with digital decimation filter. The sensitivity of the overall receiver and the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the overall transmitter are −99 dBm and 18.14%, respectively. The proposed calibration scheme has a reduction of errors by about 45.4% compared with the improved progressive polynomial calibration (PPC) method and the maximum current consumption of the SoC is 16 mA.
Highlights
During the past several years, in the area of wireless telecommunications a novel paradigm named “the Internet of Things” (IoT), which was first used by Kevin Ashton in a presentation in 1998, has gained more and more attention in academia and industry [1]
Mapping sensor signals in wireless sensor networks (WSN) to physical readings demands a wide range of specific analog signal processing blocks, such as sensor signal amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADC), filters and sensor calibration modules [4]
We present the development of fully integrated 0.18-μm CMOS sensor SoC with radio transceiver targeted towards wireless sensor networks in 2.4-GHz ISM-band and a sensor signal processor
Summary
During the past several years, in the area of wireless telecommunications a novel paradigm named “the Internet of Things” (IoT), which was first used by Kevin Ashton in a presentation in 1998, has gained more and more attention in academia and industry [1]. Most IoT devices based on WSN separately use analog front-end integrated chips (ICs) to interface with specific sensors, a wireless transceiver system-on-a-chip (SoC) and a tiny embedded microcontroller. Such discrete systems show the limitations of building small form factor solution and low power consumption in various IoT applications. We present the development of fully integrated 0.18-μm CMOS sensor SoC with radio transceiver targeted towards wireless sensor networks in 2.4-GHz ISM-band and a sensor signal processor.
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