Abstract
Waste incineration on a grate is a well-established thermal treatment technology in Denmark and several other countries. The method is flexible with respect to operation, it allows for recovery of energy, it reduces the volume of solid waste significantly (by a factor of 8−10), and advanced flue gas cleaning technologies ensures very low emissions from modern incineration plants. In 2005, 24% of the total reported Danish waste production was incinerated. However, the presence of inorganic constituents such as alkali metals, Cl, S, and heavy metals in the waste constitute an essential challenge in waste incineration, both with respect to operational issues and due to environmental concerns. Formation of acidic pollutants, high mass loading of aerosols, and deposition of potentially corrosive components on heat transfer surfaces are among the encountered problems caused by volatile alkali compounds and heavy metals during combustion, and the potential leaching of heavy metals from the solid residues upon di...
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