Abstract
Advances in plant biotechnology provide various means to improve crop productivity and greatly contributing to sustainable agriculture. A significant advance in plant biotechnology has been the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise spatial and temporal control of transgene expression. In this article, we review the development of various synthetic promotors and the rise of their use over the last several decades for regulating the transcription of various transgenes. Similarly, we provided a brief description of the structure and scope of synthetic promoters and the engineering of their cis-regulatory elements for different targets. Moreover, the functional characteristics of different synthetic promoters, their modes of regulating the expression of candidate genes in response to different conditions, and the resulting plant trait improvements reported in the past decade are discussed.
Highlights
The application of plant biotechnology techniques has revolutionized the field of plant science and greatly contributed to the progress of crop improvement and modern agriculture (Moose and Mumm 2008; Hahne et al, 2011)
The understanding of regulation of plant gene expression at cis-acting elements started with analysis of promoters from native plant genes and Agrobacterium which express in plant cells
In addition to the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise control of transgene expression the implementation of synthetic biological circuits has greatly revolutionized the prospects for plant biotechnology and modern-day agriculture
Summary
The application of plant biotechnology techniques has revolutionized the field of plant science and greatly contributed to the progress of crop improvement and modern agriculture (Moose and Mumm 2008; Hahne et al, 2011). Investigations of different aspects, such as specificity, spacing, and copy number, of cis-regulatory elements and their corresponding transcription factors have demonstrated that synthetic promoters can be more efficient compared to native or natural promoters. In addition to the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise control of transgene expression the implementation of synthetic biological circuits has greatly revolutionized the prospects for plant biotechnology and modern-day agriculture. In analogy to electronic circuits, synthetic genetic circuits are the precise combinations of regulatory and coding DNA sequences introduced into crop plant for desired function. Cells respond to their environment, contribute tasks, and making decisions while the functions are controlled by DNA, RNA, and a network of interacting proteins.
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