Abstract
Health psychology is multidisciplinary, with researchers, practitioners, and policy makers finding themselves needing at least some level of competency in a variety of areas from psychology to physiology, public health, and others. Given this multidisciplinary ontology, prior attempts have been made to establish a framework for understanding the role of biological, psychological, and socio-environmental constructs in disease development, maintenance, and treatment. Other models, however, do not explain how factors may interact and develop over time. The aim here was to apply and adapt the 3P model, originally developed and used in the treatment of insomnia, to couch the biopsychosocial model in a way that explains how diseases develop, are maintained, and can be treated. This paper outlines the role of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors in disease states and conditions (the 3Ps) and provides examples of how this model may be adapted and applied to a number of health-related diseases or disorders including chronic pain, gastrointestinal disorders, oral disease, and heart disease. The 3P framework can aid in facilitating a multidisciplinary, theoretical approach and way of conceptualizing the study and treatment of diseases in the future.
Highlights
Scientific and technological advances in 1969 led to “giant leaps for mankind,” including the publication of a paper applying psychological principles to health services (Schofield, 1969)
The purpose of this paper is to adapt, utilize, and apply a model first outlined for insomnia to provide a comprehensive framework by which researchers and providers can understand the interdisciplinary nature of disease development, maintenance, or interventions, and how psychology fits within such a system
The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of the 3P model, an enhanced perspective of the biopsychosocial model that includes how predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors contribute to disease development, maintenance, and treatment
Summary
Scientific and technological advances in 1969 led to “giant leaps for mankind,” including the publication of a paper applying psychological principles to health services (Schofield, 1969). Over the several years, the American Psychological Association (APA) established a task force to explicate the role of behavior and psychology in health-related processes, systems, and diseases (APA Task Force on Health Research, 1976). Health psychology and behavioral medicine were established as unique fields of study (Wallston, 1996). Contemporary uses often use the terms health psychology and behavioral medicine interchangeably. Since their early roots, health psychology, and behavioral medicine, as fields of study and areas of practice, have grown in both breadth and depth. Health psychology, and behavioral medicine, as fields of study and areas of practice, have grown in both breadth and depth Whether it is the latest popular press article
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