Abstract
Abstract. With rapid urbanization, Philippine urban planners and the government face concerns on attaining economic growth and development amidst the growing spatial inequality to social infrastructures, housing imbalances, and inadequate services to urban dwellers. A necessary step to mitigate these issues is to study spatial characteristics with adequate and robust data, which is hardly available in developing countries. In line with this, the paper introduces a framework for measuring geospatial amenity accessibility, using Hansen’s gravitation model with the acquired amenities data from OpenStreetMap implemented as Project OHANA (Open-source Heatmap and Analytics for Nationwide Amenities Accessibility in the Philippines). Amenity accessibility findings are discussed for the Philippine regions and disaggregated analysis for the National Capital Region. Validations are made through observations and related literature. To further highlight the applicability of incorporating amenity accessibility data, two use cases were made: (1) on the local government revenue and amenity accessibility relationship, and (2) on concerns to equity of health amenity accessibility across the elderly population. While the findings match with country observations and related literature, the researchers suggest further enhancement of the framework through incorporation of demand and weight factors, and refinements to data inputs and processing to improve the accuracy of analyses.
Highlights
It is often associated to creating positive impacts to economic growth and poverty reduction
The researchers extracted the list of amenities in the Philippines from OpenStreetMap (OSM), utilizing an Overpass API, to acquire a database of amenities which is divided into six categories: 1) health, including OSM tags of clinic, dentist, hospital, nursing home, pharmacy, and social facility; 2) finance, including atm and bank; 3) education, including school, university, library, kindergarten, and college; 4) security, including fire station and police; 5) transportation, including public transport, station, and fuel; and 6) grocery, including cafe, fast food, restaurant, supermarket, marketplace, and convenience
Identification of amenity accessibility inequality is difficult to do amidst the lack of data
Summary
Urbanization, as how the National Geographic community defines it, is the “process through which cities grow, and higher and higher percentages of the population comes to live in the city.” it is often associated to creating positive impacts to economic growth and poverty reduction. Urbanization, as how the National Geographic community defines it, is the “process through which cities grow, and higher and higher percentages of the population comes to live in the city.”. It is often associated to creating positive impacts to economic growth and poverty reduction. Economic growth is evident, but poverty reduction results diverge spatially. For countries like China, India, and Vietnam, rural households enjoy the spillovers from urbanization with increase in income levels whereas urban poverty rises (Nguyen, 2012, Cali and Menon, 2013, Zhang, 2016). The impact to economic growth depends on rural-urban mobility frictions, supportive policies, and market and infrastructure investments (Turok and McGranahan, 2013)
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