Abstract
Summary To provide a framework for assessing reintroduction success in carnivores, I evaluated one of the most extensive endangered species reintroduction efforts to date, namely the establishment of an actively managed metapopulation of African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus, in South Africa. This intensive management approach involves the reintroduction of wild dogs into suitable conservation areas and periodic translocations among them. Analyses of individual survival, breeding success and population viability suggested that the crucial factor infl uencing wild dog reintroduction success is dispersal behaviour (natural or artifi cial) and the resulting formation (natural or artifi cial) of new packs, given the dependency of wild dogs to living in cohesive social groups for successful reproduction. This case study provides several lessons for reintroduction biologists. (1) It illustrates the virtue of defi ning criteria with which to gauge reintroduction success. (2) It outlines two potential modelling approaches for assessing short- and long-term reintroduction success. (3) It highlights how reintroduction success may be related to unanticipated factors. (4) It proposes future avenues for investigation specifi cally targeted
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