Abstract
To reduce the considerable investments of toxicity testing and protecting animal welfare, a new toxicity testing strategy based on response pathways of human cell lines has been proposed in the United States to evaluate the chemical exposure risks to human health. However, the in vitro high-throughput assays have not yet been fully applied in ecotoxicity testing. This paper proposes a framework for high-efficiency ecotoxicity testing strategies to evaluate the ecological risk of chemicals. It consists of pathway-based toxicity testing, embryo-based toxicity testing, and predictive toxicology and data extrapolation, etc., according to different situations. The results of ecotoxicity testing or data mining are analyzed together with physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and exposure data of chemicals to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of chemicals. The framework provides valuable points to establish high-efficiency ecotoxicity testing strategies in the 21st century.
Highlights
To reduce the considerable investments of toxicity testing and protecting animal welfare, a new toxicity testing strategy based on response pathways of human cell lines has been proposed in the United States to evaluate the chemical exposure risks to human health
Conventional animal-based tests are constrained by the considerable investments of animals, time, and capitals
National Research Council (NRC) report, a new toxicity testing strategy based on response pathways of human cell lines was proposed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) [1]
Summary
To reduce the considerable investments of toxicity testing and protecting animal welfare, a new toxicity testing strategy based on response pathways of human cell lines has been proposed in the United States to evaluate the chemical exposure risks to human health. Ecotoxicity testing is at a pivotal juncture in identifying toxic substances and assessing risks of chemical exposures. In high-throughput toxicity tests for human health assessments, cell lines of human origin are used to substitute laboratory animals.
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