Abstract
The paper aims to establish the framework for linking underground space projects and the urban microclimate, in order to construct an interdisciplinary research framework. Based on the combination of underground space, urban form and the urban microclimate, the impacts of underground space on urban microclimate factors above ground and underground are summarized and the internal mechanism is investigated. The above ground factor refers to the impact of a new urban form induced by the underground space planning on the urban microclimate. The underground factor refers to the impact of the control of the internal environment of underground space on the ground environment. This study mainly addresses two aspects. Firstly, to identify the influencing factors of urban underground space microclimate and define the research entry point and classify the indicator of the external space environment; secondly, to address the key issues of the research areas and their influence on the urban underground space project and the urban microclimate in the current phase and establish the direction of future research. The microclimate case of the Nanjing underground planning is provided to preliminarily analyze how underground space development improves the urban microclimate. By the comparative analysis of microclimate parameters, air quality parameters, and outdoor thermal environment parameters (Mean Radiant Temperature, MRT), the influences and benefits of underground space projects on the urban microclimate is quantitatively explored.
Highlights
IntroductionRapid urbanization has caused changes in land utilization and land cover, which, in return, impacts and alters the structure of the urban ecosystem and causes a raft of severe ecological and environmental issues, such as urban heat island effect, non-point source pollution, atmospheric contamination and decreasing biodiversity [1].Along with the accelerated urbanization process in the past two years, the urban environment in China has been gradually degraded by factors such as heavy air pollution[2,3], noise pollution [4,5], extreme lack of green space [6,7], nerve-wracking traffic congestion [8,9], long-term coexistence of pedestrians and vehicles [10], and undesirable community split [11]
On the basis of analyzing the influencing mechanism of underground space engineering on the urban microclimate, it points out the problems that call for immediate solution at the current stage so as to determine the problems to be researched and the future direction
In terms of the urban three-dimensional integrated shape, a diversified, accessible and consistent urban spatial form is constructed in the urban underground space through the intensive and compound usage of urban space resources, extending the urban form featuring the ground as the basal plane to the three-dimensional basal plane form aboveground and underground, strengthening the opening degree of the urban space and changing the urban plot ratio, architectural density and the street canyon form
Summary
Rapid urbanization has caused changes in land utilization and land cover, which, in return, impacts and alters the structure of the urban ecosystem and causes a raft of severe ecological and environmental issues, such as urban heat island effect, non-point source pollution, atmospheric contamination and decreasing biodiversity [1].Along with the accelerated urbanization process in the past two years, the urban environment in China has been gradually degraded by factors such as heavy air pollution[2,3], noise pollution [4,5], extreme lack of green space [6,7], nerve-wracking traffic congestion [8,9], long-term coexistence of pedestrians and vehicles [10], and undesirable community split [11]. As urban open space and development land have become scarce resources, the method of increasing the greening rate through a change in the properties of land and improving the urban thermal environment through the reduction of the architectural density and plot ratio will be confronted with more restrictions. With the advantage of efficiently utilizing lands, expanding greening space and floor open space, underground space can reduce environmental contamination and improve the quality of the ground environment [20]. In China, in order to solve the problems caused by rapid urbanization such as limited construction land, crowded living space, traffic congestion, ecological imbalance and environmental degradation, one must increase the quality of life of residents and, achieve the further development of the urban economy and society.
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