Abstract
Abstract This paper introduces a mathematical model and methodology for detecting and analysing nociceptor stimulation effects by means of non-invasive evaluation of the skin impedance in the hand palm. The derivation of the model is based on multi-scale physiological stages during perception of pain in awake individuals and contains elements of fractional calculus. The result is a lumped fractional order impedance model, to be used in a personalised way, i.e. per individual and not per population distribution data. A measurement device and a protocol have been determined in collaboration with Ghent University Hospital pain specialists. The experiments support our claim that changes occur in skin impedance during stimulation, i.e. when perceived as pain in one awake healthy volunteer. Following this proof of concept study, the model enables simulation of how nociceptor stimulation enters the systemic process of pain, for further analysis and development within the regulatory loops of pain management practices.
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