A Four-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study of the Predictors of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV and Receiving Care at Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon.

Cho Sabastine Anye,Claude Ngwayu Nkfusai,Joyce Mahlako Tsoka-Gwegweni,Brenda Mbouamba Yankam,Frankline Sevidzem Wirsiy,Samuel Nambile Cumber

doi:10.21106/ijma.299

Abstract

Background:Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infections place immense burdens on healthcare systems with particularly diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TB is high among opportunistic diseases and the most leading cause of death among patients with HIV/AIDS. HIV infection is the most-known risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold. We present a four-year descriptive analysis of TB in people living with HIV in the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH) from 2012-2016.Methods:This was a hospital-based descriptive chart review. We conducted manual reviews of medical records of HIV/TB co-infected patients from June 2017-July 2017 at BRH’s AIDS Treatment Centre, North West region of Cameroon. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of cases were captured using a pre-tested data collection sheet and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.Results:Out of the 1078 HIV patients, 36.5% (393) of them were diagnosed with TB; 75% (808) of the People living with HIV (PLWHIV) were active; among the remaining 25%, 10.2% were bedridden, 13.0% were jobless, and 1.8% were retired. The greater proportion of the participants were females 65.5% (705).Conclusion and Global Health Implications:The baseline anemia, smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, detectable (≥50copies/mL), CD4 count ≤ 200cells/µl and gender of the PLWHIV were associated with the incidence of TB. We recommend early diagnosis and treatment of anemia, modification of patient’s lifestyle, and strengthening of immunization programs to reduce the risk of TB occurrence among HIV-infected people.

Highlights

IntroductionTuberculosis is among the leading opportunistic diseases and the leading cause of death among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS patients.[1,2] Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections place an immense burden on health care systems and pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.[3] In addition, HIV infection is the most powerful known risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold.[4] M. tuberculosis and HIV act in synergy, accelerating the decline of immunological functions and leading to subsequent death if untreated.[4]
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is the most powerful known risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold.[4]
Out of the 1077 HIV patients 36.5% (393) of them were diagnosed with TB; 75% (808) of the PLHIV were active,while 25%

Summary

Introduction

Tuberculosis is among the leading opportunistic diseases and the leading cause of death among HIV/AIDS patients.[1,2] Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections place an immense burden on health care systems and pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.[3] In addition, HIV infection is the most powerful known risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold.[4] M. tuberculosis and HIV act in synergy, accelerating the decline of immunological functions and leading to subsequent death if untreated.[4]. Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infections place immense burdens on healthcare systems with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.TB is high among opportunistic diseases and the most leading cause of death among patients with HIV/AIDS. HIV infection is the most-known risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold.We present a four-year descriptive analysis of TB in people living with HIV in the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH) from 2012-2016

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion