A Four-Step Method for Estimating Suspended Particle Size Based on In Situ Comprehensive Observations in the Pearl River Estuary in China

Zuomin Wang,Xiaomei Liao,Huizeng Liu,Qingquan Li,Guofeng Wu,Shuibo Hu

doi:10.3390/rs13245172

Abstract

The suspended particle size has great impacts on marine biology environments and biogeochemical processes, such as the settling rates of particles and sunlight transmission in marine water. However, the spatial–temporal variations in particle sizes in coastal waters are rarely reported due to the paucity of appropriate observations and the limitations of particle size retrieval methods, especially in areas with complex optical properties. This study proposed a remote sensing-based method for estimating the median particle size Dv50 (calculated with a size range of 2.05–297 μm) that correlates Dv50 with the inherent optical properties (IOPs) retrieved from in situ remote sensing reflectance above the water’s surface (Rrs(λ)) in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) in China. Rrs(λ) was resampled to simulate the Multispectral Instrument (MSI) onboard Sentinel-2A/B, and the wavebands in 490, 560, and 705 nm were utilized for the retrieval of the IOPs. The results of this method had a statistical performance of 0.86, 18.52, 21.28%, and −1.85 for the R2, RMSE, MAPE, and bias values, respectively, in validation, which indicated that Dv50 could be estimated by Rrs(λ) with the proposed four-step method. Then, the proposed method was applied to Sentinel-2 MSI imagery, and a clear difference in Dv50 distribution which was retrieved from a different time could be seen. The proposed method holds great potential for monitoring the suspended particle size of coastal waters.

Highlights

The suspended particle size in marine water has great impacts on marine biology environments and biogeochemistry processes, and it has been proven to have a significant effect on the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of water so as to change the signals of ocean color remote sensing [2]
The median particle size (Dv 50 ) [3–5], which is the diameter corresponding to the 50th percentile of the accumulated volume concentration, is frequently used to describe the particle size distribution (PSD) of marine systems [6]
This study aimed to develop a method for retrieving the suspended particle size in the water areas with complex optical properties based on ocean color remote sensing and to apply the proposed method to Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI)

Summary

Introduction

The suspended particle size in marine water has great impacts on marine biology environments and biogeochemistry processes (e.g., the settling velocity, resuspension, aggregates, and carbon cycle of particles [1]), and it has been proven to have a significant effect on the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of water so as to change the signals of ocean color remote sensing [2]. It is of great significance to obtain the characteristics of particle size. The median particle size (Dv 50 ) [3–5], which is the diameter corresponding to the 50th percentile of the accumulated volume concentration, is frequently used to describe the particle size distribution (PSD) of marine systems [6]. The spatiotemporal dynamics of Dv 50 can describe the characteristics of the particle size in marine water. To determine the particle size, various particle sizing instruments, including particle imaging systems (FlowCAM) [7], electrical impedance particle sizers (Coulter Counter) [8], Remote Sens.

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