Abstract
Coronaviruses are large, enveloped and single-stranded, non-segmented with positive sense RNA virus belong to Nidovirus, family Coronavirirdae and included two subfamilies Orthocoronavirinae and Letovirinae. There are four genera variable in antigenestic characteristic and cross-reactivity (Alpha-coronavirus, Beta-coronavirus, Gamma-coronavirus and Delta-coronavirus) affect mammals and birds while Bafinivirus affect fish and cause different diseases in the vertebrate animals and human, so this review listed most important diseases in some animals which cause economic problems as in the avian cause infectious bronchitis(IB), in the bovine cause diseases in both bowl and respiratory system, Enteric form Disease in the equine, two forms of diseases have been occurred in the feline ( feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis), in canine cause enteric and respiratory syndrome while in the porcine the diseases occur as are Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV).Also, coronaviruses affect aquatic animals and cause general clinical signs in fish. Some of these pathogens transmitted from camel and bates and causes diseases for human as SARS, MERS and SARS-2.From these review the conclusion is the hygiene practices and biosecurity are more important to prevent the emerging diseases in both human and animals cause by a coronavirus.
Highlights
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of unsegmented, enveloped, positive sense ssRNA . thatWorld Health Organization (WHO) give its term ―COVID-19‖ (Du Toit 2020; Gralinski and Menachery 2020).infect vertebrate animals and human
CoV causing the nervous, respiratory and digestive systems diseases of humans and other vertebrate (Chen and Guo, 2016; Unhale et al, 2020) as in 2002 disease occur in human called SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome) and the MERS( Middle East respiratory syndrome) in 2012,in these diseases the animals play as intermediat hosts for humans (Cui et al, 2019) recently coronavirus cause outbreak of severe pneumonia in human the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) called about the disease Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) (Lu et al, 2020; Gorbalenya 2020) and the Coronavirus are large, enveloped with protein projections, single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) related to Nidovirales belong to family Coronaviridae include sub-familyies: Orthocoronavirinae and Letovirinae
The infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) occur through digestive and inhalation and take 1-4 days as incubation period, clinically similar with like pathogenesis of TGVE with it variation in the slower spread with in the herd association with low mortality (Sun et al, 2012; Song et al, 2015 and Lin et al, 2019),in very small aged piglet it causes vomiting, severe diarrhea, dehydration with high death rates and the diarrhea without vomiting are the main disease symptoms in a fattening growing pigs
Summary
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of unsegmented, enveloped, positive sense ssRNA . thatWorld Health Organization (WHO) give its term ―COVID-19‖ (Du Toit 2020; Gralinski and Menachery 2020).infect vertebrate animals and human.
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