Abstract
An automatic flow-batch analyzer is proposed for detection of adulteration in distilled spirits (whiskey, brandy, cachaca, rum and vodka) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The analyzer was employed to dilute the non-adulterated samples and to simulate adulteration with addition of 5 and 10% (v/v) of water, ethanol or methanol. SIMCA (soft independent modelling of class analogies) classification models were built using spectra of non-adulterated and adulterated samples in the region of 235-355 nm. By applying the SIMCA models to a test set, all adulterated and non-adulterated samples were correctly discriminated at a confidence level of 95% with an analytical throughput larger than 120 samples per hour.
Highlights
The adulteration of distilled spirits with water, ethanol or methanol is a problem with serious repercussions, which compromises the product quality, leads to loss of tax revenue and may constitute a public health threat.[1,2,3,4,5] In a study concerning the chemical composition of 608 beverage samples retailed in Brazil over the period 1993-1999, 391 samples were found to be out of quality standards.[5]
Chromatography is a powerful analytical method, which has been used in several works to detect adulteration in distilled spirits.[6,7,8]
Such method presents some disadvantages, including high cost of the instrumentation, low analytical throughput, high consumption of reagents and samples and generation of harmful residues.[5,9]. These limitations have motivated the development of spectrophotometric techniques for screening analysis[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] with the aim of reducing the number of samples that need to be analyzed by chromatographic methods
Summary
The adulteration of distilled spirits with water, ethanol or methanol is a problem with serious repercussions, which compromises the product quality, leads to loss of tax revenue and may constitute a public health threat.[1,2,3,4,5] In a study concerning the chemical composition of 608 beverage samples retailed in Brazil over the period 1993-1999, 391 samples were found to be out of quality standards.[5]. Chromatography is a powerful analytical method, which has been used in several works to detect adulteration in distilled spirits.[6,7,8] such method presents some disadvantages, including high cost of the instrumentation, low analytical throughput, high consumption of reagents and samples and generation of harmful residues.[5,9] These limitations have motivated the development of spectrophotometric techniques for screening analysis[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] with the aim of reducing the number of samples that need to be analyzed by chromatographic methods In this context, chemometrics plays a key role in the achievement of good screening results.[10,11,12]
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