A Flexible Operation and Sizing of Battery Energy Storage System Based on Butterfly Optimization Algorithm

Basit Olakunle Alawode,Muhammad Khalid,Umar Taiwo Salman

doi:10.3390/electronics11010109

Basit Olakunle Alawode, Muhammad Khalid + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010109

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Journal: Electronics	Publication Date: Dec 30, 2021
Citations: 11	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Abstract

There is a surge in the total energy demand of the world due to the increase in the world’s population and the ever-increasing human dependence on technology. Conventional non-renewable energy sources still contribute a larger amount to the total energy production. Due to their greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, the substitution of these sources with renewable energy sources (RES) is desired. However, RES, such as wind energy, are uncertain, intermittent, and unpredictable. Hence, there is a need to optimize their usage when they are available. This can be carried out through a flexible operation of a microgrid system with the power grid to gradually reduce the contribution of the conventional sources in the power system using energy storage systems (ESS). To integrate the RES in a cost-effective approach, the ESS must be optimally sized and operated within its safe limitations. This study, therefore, presents a flexible method for the optimal sizing and operation of battery ESS (BESS) in a wind-penetrated microgrid system using the butterfly optimization (BO) algorithm. The BO algorithm was utilized for its simple and fast implementation and for its ability to obtain global optimization parameters. In the formulation of the optimization problem, the study considers the depth of discharge and life-cycle of the BESS. Simulation results for three different scenarios were studied, analyzed, and compared. The resulting optimized BESS connected scenario yielded the most cost-effective strategy among all scenarios considered.

Highlights

Accepted: 20 December 2021Owing to the need for a reliable, clean, cheap, and large amount of electric power, microgrids have grown to be very popular
The proposed strategy in this study evaluates the impact of wind power operation on the dispatch of discharge (DOD) and cycle life of the battery ESS (BESS) under selected scenarios; The study investigates the impact of wind power fluctuations in different locations and seasons of the year on the operation of the BESS; It adopts the method of the capacity incremental strategy to size the BESS until the optimal capacity is reached and the effect of each incremental size is observed on the DOD of the BESS
We found from our study that increasing the capacity of the BESS, which comes at an increased cost, does not necessarily reduce the operating cost

Summary

Introduction

Owing to the need for a reliable, clean, cheap, and large amount of electric power, microgrids have grown to be very popular. Microgrids have found themselves to be an integral part of many interconnected power systems. Having grown from small to large sizes, they seem to be the most promising future for the world’s need for clean energy. The microgrid can operate in off-grid (island) mode or grid-connected (anti-island) mode [2]. Some features of the microgrid make it work efficiently under a constantly varying load. These features include distributed generators, storage systems, and a dumped load, which is a controllable load [4]

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Conclusion