Abstract

After years of doping, straining, shrinking, and tweaking, engineers seem to have exhausted all their strategies for improving the planar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors at the heart of today's computer processors. Producers of cutting-edge chips are now resorting to new structures- building up in three dimensions or constructing transistors in ultrathin layers of silicon-to ensure that devices keep shrinking and that Moore's Law keeps going just a bit longer.

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