Abstract
We explore finite size 3D effects in open axion haloscopes such as a dish antenna, a dielectric disk and a minimal dielectric haloscope consisting of a mirror and one dielectric disk. Particularly dielectric haloscopes are a promising new method for detecting dark matter axions in the mass range above 40 μeV. By using two specialized independent approaches—based on finite element methods and Fourier optics —we compute the electromagnetic fields in these settings expected in the presence of an axion dark matter field. This allows us to study diffraction and near field effects for realistically sized experimental setups in contrast to earlier idealized 1D studies with infinitely extended mirrors and disks. We also study axion velocity effects and disk tiling. Diffraction effects are found to become less relevant towards larger axion masses and for the larger disk radii for example aimed at in full size dielectric haloscopes such as MADMAX . The insights of our study not only provide a foundation for a realistic modelling of open axion dark matter search experiments in general, they are in particular also the first results taking into account 3D effects for dielectric haloscopes.
Highlights
We explore finite size 3D effects in open axion haloscopes such as a dish antenna, a dielectric disk and a minimal dielectric haloscope consisting of a mirror and one dielectric disk
Afterwards we apply our methods to cases for open axion haloscopes: we consider a dish antenna in section 4, already pointing out the primary 3D phenomena due to the finite size of the disks: diffraction and near field effects
We show the y-component of the full solution of equation (2.17) for the radial symmetric minimal dielectric haloscope obtained with the 2D3D finite element methods (FEM) approach
Summary
Stefan Knirck,a,1 Jan Schutte-Engel,b,1 Alexander Millar,c,d Javier Redondo,a,e Olaf Reimann,a Andreas Ringwald,f Frank Steffena aMax-Planck-Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany bHamburg University, 22761 Hamburg, Germany cThe Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden dNordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden eUniversity of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain f Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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