Abstract
ABSTRACTThis article traces the development of Soviet 3D technology at the Scientific Research Film and Photo Institute (NIKFI) in Moscow. The first system developed by Semen Ivanov created stereo pairs with two frames next to each other on a 35mm film that could be projected onto a raster screen to be viewed without glasses. Moscow theatres were specially equipped with projectors for the demonstration of such 3D films, including the 1941 concert film Zemlia molodosti/The Land of Youth. However, the search continued for improvements to the system: both Ivanov's Stereo 35/19 and Andrei Boltianskii's Stereo 35/Over-and-Under offered refinements to the frame size and allowed the use of standard equipment, deployed for the first colour 3D opera film, Aleko (1954). NIKFI later developed the Stereo 70 system, for which the Institute received the Academy Award for Technical Achievements in 1991. The replacement of projection equipment in modern cinemas means that films made in these systems can no longer be projected; they have now partly been restored digitally.
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