Abstract
Abstract. Level of detail (LoD) is a key concept for 3D city modeling to optimise visualisation. The LoDs of CityGML shows this trend. This paper explores the relevance of having LoD for visualising 3D model of Underground Utility Networks (UUN). A new approach is proposed for designing multiple LoDs modeling in creating an explicit link between the content of the 3D model and the decision-making process (or operational tasks) to be performed by a user. This Multiple Level of detail Approach (MLA) is divided into four steps. The first step requires defining the visualisation needs in terms of five variables (geometry, topology, semantic, contextual information, and semiology). Next, tasks to be performed are analyzed and categorized. Finally, a matrix of possible LoDs is created for all tasks and the minimum LoD required is proposed. In this paper, we applied this approach for the use case of granting connection permits to water and sewer networks. Learning aspects are proposed in the discussion.
Highlights
Cartographic representation, like maps or three dimensional (3D) models, allows the visualisation of geographic features at various scales with conventional rules of semiotic (MacEachren, 2004; Wang, 2015)
In 3D modelling, a large consensus exists in the geographic modeling domain for varying scales when visualising, mostly supported by the development of CityGML and Building Information Model (BIM), and it refers to the concept of Level of Detail (LoD)
As it is done in 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) and 3D City model, LoD is mostly applied to describe the complexity of the geometry and semantic differentiation (Kolbe, 2009), and it is of great value in effective visualisation and analysis
Summary
Cartographic representation, like maps or three dimensional (3D) models, allows the visualisation of geographic features at various scales with conventional rules of semiotic (MacEachren, 2004; Wang, 2015). Varying map scale or cartographic generalization are key concepts in 2D to improve visualisation and conveys spatial information suitably. In 3D model visualisation, the same requirements of varying the level of information to be modeled and displayed exist
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