Abstract
In the Finnish climate the annual heating energy demand in a modern small house, where the floor area is about 120 m 2, is 60–70 GJ. The energy includes both the space and the tap water heating. With a new heating system in an extremely well insulated house the annual energy consumption is 27 GJ. The heating system includes heat recovery from exhaust air with a heat pump and from sewage water with a thermosyphon. The heating costs are very low. When the mean price of electricity is 11 USD/GJ, the annual heating costs (without capital costs) are about 300 USD.
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