Abstract
In Africa, epidemiological data on the effect of the HIV epidemic on the occurrence of lymphomas are scanty. The 1990s witnessed the alarming rates of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria increased from 1.8% in 1991 to 4.4% in 2005. The aim of this study was to determine whether there have been any changes in the frequency and pattern of lymphomas in view of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country. This is a retrospective study of all lymphoma cases diagnosed during 1991-2005. The prevalence of lymphomas declined from 1.4% to 0.7% of surgical biopsies during 1991-2005. There was a decline in the proportion of high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma from 79.1% and 45.8% respectively to 21.1% and 13.6% respectively. There is a suggestion that the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country may not have influenced the pattern of occurrence of both major histomorphological types of lymphoma in Ibadan.
Highlights
Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of the lymphoid tissues traditionally categorized as either Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), each displaying distinct behavioural, prognostic and epidemiological characteristics, with varying responses to treatment
This is a retrospective study of all cases with histological or cytological diagnosis of lymphomas registered in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, over a 15year period from January 1991 to December 2005
Lymphomas were the commonest tumours observed in Ibadan, Nigeria, during 1960-1980 [15], and Ibadan Cancer Registry data from a study in 2000 revealed that the comparative frequency of lymphoma in Ibadan declined in the recent decades [16]
Summary
Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of the lymphoid tissues traditionally categorized as either Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), each displaying distinct behavioural, prognostic and epidemiological characteristics, with varying responses to treatment. 287,000 new cases of NHL are reported in the world each year [1]. This disease affects more males than females, and the incidence increases with age. In most African populations, NHL is relatively rare but the relative frequency is above the world average in North and sub-Saharan Africa because of the high incidence of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in children in the tropical zone of Africa [2].
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