A field study of fish predation on juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish

Abstract

To test whether commercially exploited fishes could regulate populations of crown-of-thorns starfish, laboratory reared juvenile Acanthaster planci were planced on small habitat units in an area of a lagoon where a number of species of fish that feed on benthic invertebrates occurred. Predators were excluded from half the units using wire mesh. In 35 days, losses were low and there was no statistically significant difference between caged and uncaged units. A difference in mortality rate of 1% of individuals per day would have been detected with >85% probability.However, the observed mean difference, the maximum estimate of predatory mortality, was 0.13% of starfish per day. It thus seems unlikely that predation by any large fishes was important in the population dynamics of juvenile A. planci at that site at the time of this experiment. Juvenile starfish were presented to lethrinids in the field at two reefs. Thirteen percent of juvenile A. planci presented at one reef were eaten, but in no presentation did lethrinids eat all the available starfish and those that were eaten were often mouthed and rejected by several fish before being swallowed. No juveniles were taken in a smaller number of trials at the second reef. These results do not favour the hypothesis that predation on juveniles by large fish is important in the population dynamics of A. planci but experiments at more sites will be required before this conclusion can be generalized.