Abstract
Accurate sensing is the key to structural health monitoring of underground coal mines while using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. However, the previously developed systems for structural monitoring of underground mines have been limited to monitoring without any capability of damage detection. Therefore, this study integrates a highly accurate FBG monitoring system and output-only data-driven approaches on an Internet of things (IoT)-based platform to develop a comprehensive mine structural safety system. This system relies on a Web 2.0 main server that runs data acquisition, data processing, and damage detection algorithms along with real-time information sharing at remote locations. This system was successfully implemented at the Hassan Kishore coal mine, situated in the Salt Range of Pakistan. Wavelength division multiplexing of the FBG strain sensors reliably captured the effects of dynamic and continuous coal excavation on the stability of mine roadway and access galleries. Principal component analysis, along with hierarchical clustering, was used to determine the damage indicator of the mine. The damage index was validated, showing the minimum value for 2% stiffness reduction. Thus, integration of FBG technology with the Internet can be effectively applied for early safety assessment of underground coal mines and information sharing in real time.
Highlights
Mining is generally considered to be a high-risk industry all over the world [1]
constrained application protocol (CoAP) was used in this study because of its simplicity and easy integration of web services for the generation of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
This study introduced an Internet of things (IoT)-based real-time monitoring, data-driven strategy for damage detection and a remote information sharing platform using quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to enhance the structural safety of underground mines
Summary
Mining is generally considered to be a high-risk industry all over the world [1]. The ever increasing depth, complexity, and dynamicity of mining have proved themselves as challenging factors for the novel design of underground mines. In this regard, certain associated risks and hidden defaults of mine structures impose high safety threats, and seismic events are sources of mine roof stratum displacements [2]. In underground coal mines (UCMs), among the types of mine accidents (e.g., seismicity, mine support deterioration, dust explosions, and mine collapse), the most frequent cause of accidents is mine collapse [3]. The high socioeconomic values of UCMs and risk to miners’ lives make it extremely important to monitor these structures sensitively and accurately
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